Location-based network detection

ABSTRACT

A mobile device establishes communication with a number of wireless cellular networks at particular locations and records the locations and network information associated with the wireless cellular networks. The network information can be used to narrow a search for an available wireless cellular network from a plurality of potentially available wireless cellular networks when the mobile device is operating at a stored location. In one aspect, a Radio Frequency (RF) receiver on a mobile device can receive a broadcast radio signal from a transmitter and use the signal to determine an approximate location of the device based on a known location of the transmitter. A match between the approximate device location and wireless cellular network transmitters in communication range of the mobile device can be used to narrow a search for wireless cellular networks.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This subject matter is related generally to mobile devices.

BACKGROUND

Conventional mobile devices are often dedicated to performing a specificapplication. For example, a mobile phone provides telephony services, apersonal digital assistant (PDA) provides a way to organize addresses,contacts and notes, a media player plays content, email devices provideemail communication, etc. Modern mobile devices can include two or moreof these applications. Due to the size limitation of a typical mobiledevice, such mobile devices may need to rely on a network or otherremote service to support these multiple applications. For example, amap service may provide maps to a mobile device over a network, whichcan be used with one or more applications running on the mobile device.The introduction of a positioning system integrated with, or coupled to,the mobile device provides additional opportunities for providinglocation-based services.

Modern positioning systems include satellite based positioning systems,such as Global Positioning System (GPS), cellular network positioningbased on “cell IDs” and WiFi positioning technology based on a WiFinetworks. In some cases, however, these positioning systems are unableto provide position data if there is poor satellite visibility (e.g.,operating the device indoors) or if the positioning system is shutdown.For example, the positioning system may be shutdown when the device isin an airplane or when the device is turned off or running low on power.When the device becomes active again it is often desirable to quicklyestablish communication with a wireless cellular network. However,because the location of the device may be unknown when the devicebecomes active again, the device may require a long search time to finda wireless cellular network that is available to establish communicationwith.

SUMMARY

A mobile device establishes communication with a number of wirelesscellular networks at particular locations and records the locations andnetwork information associated with the wireless cellular networks. Thenetwork information can be used to narrow a search for an availablewireless cellular network from a plurality of potentially availablewireless cellular networks when the mobile device is operating at astored location. In one aspect, a Radio Frequency (RF) receiver on amobile device can receive a broadcast radio signal from a transmitterand use the signal to determine an approximate location of the devicebased on a known location of the transmitter. A match between theapproximate device location and wireless cellular network transmittersin communication range of the mobile device can be used to narrow asearch for wireless cellular networks.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary location determination system.

FIG. 2 illustrates location based network detection using RF broadcastsignals.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example radio receiver for locationbased network detection.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example process for location basednetwork detection.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an example architecture for a mobiledevice capable of location based network protection.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION System Overview

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary location determination system100. In some implementations, location determination system 100 caninclude mobile device 102, cellular tower transmitters 104, access pointtransmitters 114 (e.g., WiFi beacons), and location server 110. Cellulartower transmitters 104 can be coupled to wide area network 108 (e.g.,the Internet) through gateway 106, and access point transmitters 114 canbe coupled to network 108 through wired and/or wireless communicationlinks.

Mobile device 102 can be any device capable of determining its currentgeographic location by communicating with a positioning system, such asGPS, cellular networks, WiFi networks, and any other technology that canbe used to provide the actual or estimated location of a mobile device102. Some examples of mobile devices include but are not limited to: ahandheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a cellular telephone, anetwork appliance, a camera, a smart phone, an enhanced general packetradio service (EGPRS) mobile phone, a network base station, a mediaplayer, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, or acombination of any two or more of these data processing devices or otherdata processing devices. Mobile device 102 can include storage device118 (e.g., flash memory, hard disk) for storing database (DB) 116.

Location server 110 can include one or more server computers operated bya location service provider. Location server 110 can deliver locationinformation to mobile device 102. In some implementations, mobile device102 collects and stores network information associated with transmitterdetection events. The network information can include a transmitteridentifier (ID) of a detected transmitter, a timestamp marking a time ofthe transmitter detection event and a location, if available. Someexamples of transmitter IDs include but are not limited to Cell IDsprovided by cell tower transmitters in a cellular communications network(e.g., transmitters on GSM masts) and access point transmitter IDs(e.g., a Media Access Control (MAC) address). A wireless access point(AP) can be a hardware device or a computer's software that acts as acommunication hub for users of a wireless device to connect to a wiredLAN. Other examples of cellular network information include MobileCountry Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC) and Location Area Code(LAC).

The transmitter IDs can be correlated with known geographic locations ofcorresponding transmitters. The geographic locations of the transmitterscan be used to compute estimated position coordinates (e.g., latitude,longitude, altitude) for mobile device 102 over a period of time. Forexample, a sequence of transmitter IDs can be compared with a referencedatabase (e.g., Cell ID database, WiFi reference database) that maps orcorrelates the transmitter IDs to position coordinates of correspondingtransmitters, and computes estimated position coordinates for mobiledevice 102 based at least in part on the position coordinates of thecorresponding transmitters. If a reference database is available onmobile device 102, then the mapping can be performed by a processor ofmobile device 102. Alternatively, the transmitter IDs can be sent tolocation server 110 which can store transmitter position coordinates ina remote reference database in storage device 112. Location server 110can map or correlate transmitter IDs to position coordinates ofcorresponding transmitters which can be sent back to mobile device 102through network 108 and one or more wireless communication links. Theposition coordinates can be reverse geocoded to map locations (e.g.,street locations). The map locations can be represented by markers(e.g., pushpin icons) on a map view displayed by mobile device 102, orused for other purposes by mobile applications. The position coordinatesand associated timestamps can be stored in database 116 and/or storagedevice 112 for subsequent retrieval and processing by a user orapplication. The position coordinates and timestamps can be used toconstruct a timeline in a map view showing a history of locations formobile device 102.

A baseband processor in mobile device 102 can be used in a RF subsystemto transmit and receive RF signals in, for example, GSM (Global Systemfor Mobile communications), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) andEGPRS (Enhanced General Packet Radio Service). During reception of RFsignals, the RF subsystem receives RF signals, converts the RF signalsinto baseband signals and sends the baseband signals to the basebandprocessor. Thereafter, the baseband processor processes the receivedbaseband signals to decodes various data from the baseband signals.

In some implementations, mobile device 102 can store network information(e.g., transmitter IDs) for wireless cellular networks that havecommunicated with mobile device 102. The network information andlocation where the communication occurred can be stored in a localdatabase (e.g., database 116) on mobile device 102. When mobile device102 determines that it is operating at a location previously stored inthe database (e.g., determined by matching current GPS location datawith stored locations), then the stored network informationcorresponding to the matched stored location can be used to narrow asearch for available wireless cellular networks at the matched location.For example, when mobile device 102 wakes up or exits a mode wherewireless access was not available (e.g., an “airplane mode”), thematched location of the mobile device 102 can be used to determine alist of wireless cellular networks that are potentially available foraccess at the matched location.

In some implementations, location-sorted network information can bepre-stored on mobile device 102 even if mobile device 102 has never beenat the matched location.

In some implementations, the list of wireless cellular networks can besearched in order based on one or more characteristics or attributes ofthe transmission signal. For example, signal strength can be recorded aspart of the network information and used to narrow a search to onlythose wireless cellular networks potentially accessible at the locationand that have signal strengths that exceed a certain threshold. In someimplementations, the location-sorted network information can include thefrequency band and channel information (e.g., for 3G, 2G) for eachnetwork in the approximate location of the mobile device 102 tosignificantly reduce network search time even further.

In some implementations where the mobile device is being operated in anew location (no previously stored network information), a broadcastradio system in the device 102 can be used to determine an approximatelocation of mobile device 102, as described in reference to FIGS. 2-3.

Location Based Network Detection Using Broadcast Radio Signals

FIG. 2 illustrates location based network detection using broadcastradio signals. In some implementations, device 102 can include abroadcast radio receiver operable to receive broadcast radio signalsfrom broadcast radio signal sources (e.g., broadcast radio stations).The receiver can include processing circuitry operable to determinerespective call station identification information (e.g., call sign) foreach of the broadcast radio signal sources from the broadcast radiosignals. Signal quality characteristics (e.g., signal strength) can bemeasured for each of the received broadcast radio signals. Stationposition data (e.g., longitude, latitude) associated with each of thebroadcast radio signal sources can be identified from the call stationidentification information. In some implementations, an approximatelocation of device 102 can be determined using the signal qualitycharacteristics and station position data associated with at least threebroadcast radio signal sources. The signal quality characteristics andcorresponding station position data can be stored in a database ondevice 102 (e.g., database 116) or on a network (e.g., database 112).

Referring now to FIG. 2, an example scenario for using location basednetwork detection is illustrated. A map display 200 can includelocations of broadcast radio stations 202 a, 202 b, 202 c and 202 d.Also shown are wireless cellular networks 204 a, 204 b and 204 c andaccess points 208 a and 208 b. A device at location 206 a can receivebroadcast radio signals from broadcast radio stations 202 a-202 d. Insome implementations, a tuner in the device can measure the signalstrengths from each of the stations 202 a-202 d. The station positiondata for the broadcast radio station having the strongest signal can beselected as a reference location for the device. In someimplementations, at least three radio stations can be used totriangulate an approximate location of device 102 using knowntrilateralization methods. For example, distances between mobile device102 and two or more broadcast radio transmitter antennas can becalculated based on signal strengths and time delays between receptionof the broadcast radio signals from the three transmitters, and fromthis distance data, an approximate position of mobile device 102 can becalculated.

In response to a request to communicate with a wireless cellularnetwork, a baseband processor can scan for available wireless cellularnetworks. The scanning can take several minutes. However, the scanningor search time can be reduced by comparing the station position datawith known transmitter locations for wireless cellular networks. Thesearch for wireless cellular networks can be narrowed to those wirelesscellular networks having transmitter locations closest to the stationposition data. In the example shown, broadcast radio station 202 d(KOQQ) is transmitting the strongest signal indicating that it isclosest to the current location of device 102 (location 206 a).Consequently, the station position data for station 202 d is compared toposition data for wireless cellular network transmitters to determinewhich wireless cellular network is closest to the current location ofdevice 102. In this example, wireless cellular network 204 b has theshortest physical distance to broadcast radio station 202 d (which isthe approximate position of device 102). The baseband processor attemptsto establish communication with wireless cellular network 204 b. If theattempt fails, then the baseband processor will attempt to establishcommunication with wireless cellular network 204 a which is the nextclosest wireless cellular network and so forth.

In some implementations, Radio Data System (RDS) or Radio Broadcast DataSystem (RBDS) can be used to retrieve station position data. Forexample, RDS is a communications protocol standard for embedding smallamounts of digital information in conventional FM radio broadcasts. TheRDS system standardizes several types of information transmitted,including time, station identification and program information. Thestation identification can be retrieved from the RDS data and used toindex a database of radio station locations. The database can be localto the device (e.g., database 116) or accessible from a network througha server (e.g., database 112).

In some implementations, the approximate position of device 102determined from Broadcast radio signals can be used to perform variousactions, such as setting a time zone, downloading local maps from anetwork resource, localizing applications (e.g., populating a weatherwidget or calendar) and any other location based service.

Example Radio Receiver for Location Based Network Detection

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example radio receiver 300 for locationbased network detection. In some implementations, radio receiver 300 caninclude antenna 328 connected to RF tuner 302, which selects andamplifies a narrow band signal from the signal received at antenna 328and sends the narrow band signal to mixer 304. Mixer 304 mixes thenarrow band RF signal with an oscillation signal from local oscillator312 to generate an IF signal that is amplified by IF amplifier 306. Theamplified IF signal is demodulated by demodulator 308 and furtheramplified by power amplifier 310 to generate audio output signal 334,which can include, e.g., mono, stereo, or surround audio. In someexamples, demodulator 308 can generate auxiliary information 332contained in a sideband signal, such as station call letters. Auxiliaryinformation 332 is sent to data processor 316. RF tuner 302 can beadjusted to tune to various frequencies to selectively receive signalsfrom various radio stations. The center frequency of RF tuner 302 (thefrequency that RF tuner 302 is tuned to) can be controlled by dataprocessor 316. Signal strength detector 314 measures the strength of thereceived radio signal and forwards the signal strength information todata processor 316.

In some implementations, data processor 316 executes softwareinstructions or code to control various components of radio receiver300, enabling receiver 300 to perform various functions, such asdetermining a current position, retrieving information on userpreferences, identifying broadcast radio stations (e.g., stations 202a-202 d) in the vicinity of receiver 300, estimating broadcast signalstrength of the radio stations or other signal quality metrics.

Radio receiver 300 can include a volatile memory device, such as dynamicrandom access memory (DRAM) device 320, and a non-volatile memorydevice, such as flash memory device 322 or a hard disk drive, forstoring data and program instructions or code. Location sensor 328detects a position of radio receiver 300. Radio receiver 300 includesinput/output devices, such as keypad 326 and a display (e.g., touchscreen display 324). Communication port 318 enables radio receiver 300to connect to a network (e.g., the Internet).

Flash memory device 322 may store a database having information aboutthe locations of broadcast radio stations at various geographicalregions. Broadcast radio stations 300 can also connect to a networkthrough communication port 318 to access a proprietary or publicdatabase having information on the locations of various broadcast radiostations. Flash memory device 322 may store a database havinginformation about broadcast signal strength contours of various primarystations. Radio receiver 300 can also connect to the network throughcommunication port 318 to access a proprietary or public database havinginformation on the broadcast signal strength contours.

Data processor 316 can estimate the broadcast signal strength ofbroadcast radio stations based on the location of radio receiver 300 andthe information about broadcast signal strength contours of thebroadcast radio station. The broadcast signal strength of a broadcastradio station at the location of radio receiver 200 can be estimated bylooking up or interpolating broadcast signal strength contour values, orby applying an algorithm to the broadcast signal strength contourvalues. If only a rough estimate is required, the measured signalstrength at the receiver can be considered to be inversely proportionalto the distance between mobile device 102 and a transmitter tower.

Radio receiver 300 can be a stand alone product or be part of a largersystem. For example, radio receiver 300 can be part of a mobile phoneand shares data processor 316 and memory with other mobile phonecomponents. Radio receiver 300 can be a device that is attached to anotebook computer through a wired or wireless interface, e.g., auniversal serial bus (USB) connection, and shares the data processor andmemory of the notebook computer. Radio receiver 300 can be a peripheralcard that is configured to be inserted into a peripheral card slot of anotebook computer.

Example Process for Location Based Network Detection

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example process 400 for location basednetwork detection. The process 400 will be described in reference tosystem 300 that performs process 400.

In some implementations, process 400 begins when a request for wirelesscommunication with a wireless cellular network is received (402). Forexample, a request may be received by system 300 when device 102 istransitioned out of an “airplane” mode by a user. Alternatively, arequest can be received when device 102 is turned on, rebooted orcommanded by a user or application running on device 102 to search forwireless cellular networks. Responsive to the request, GPS or broadcastradio signals can be analyzed to determine an approximate location ofthe mobile device (404). For example, the signal strengths of thebroadcast radio signals can be measured. The station position data forthe station transmitting the broadcast radio signal with the highestsignal strength or power can be selected as an approximate location ofmobile device. Other signal characteristics can also be considered inthe analysis such as the transmission power and/or transmission range ofthe transmitter. If GPS is available, then position information providedby the GPS receiver can be used as the approximate location of thedevice.

In some implementations, a radio receiver on the mobile device can use asignature of one or more radio stations broadcasting in the area of themobile device to determine approximate location of the mobile device.The signature can be, for example, a station identification or call signthat is transmitted in a broadcast radio signal using RDS or RBDS.Because of the relatively small number of radio frequency broadcasttransmitters in the world, their frequencies and locations can be storedlocally on the mobile device (e.g., stored in database 116).

A wireless cellular network search order can be determined from theapproximate location (406). If GPS is available, then the locationprovided by the GPS receiver can be used to look up network informationfor the approximate location from a database. The network informationcan include network identifying and/or access information that can beused to construct a list of wireless cellular networks that arepotentially available for communication with mobile device 102 at theapproximate location of mobile device 102.

If GPS is not available, stored transmitter data (e.g., broadcast radiostation IDs) can be compared to broadcast radio signal data that iscurrently being received by the radio receiver on the mobile device. Forexample, an FM radio station may be transmitting a broadcast radiosignal at 105 MHz, including a station ID generated by an RDS. The localdatabase can store the station ID and a corresponding station position(e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude). When the radio broadcast stationis received by the radio broadcast receiver of the mobile device, alookup can be performed on the local database (or look up table) todetermine the location of the broadcast radio signal source (e.g. theradio station location). When multiple broadcast radio signals arereceived, the signal with the most power can be determined, and thelocation of its source can be set as the approximate location of themobile device for purposes of generating a search order of wirelesscellular networks. Alternatively, two or more broadcast radio signalscan be used to trilateralize an approximate location of the mobiledevice using known trilateralization techniques.

Once a network search order or list is determined, a baseband processoron the mobile device can automatically attempt to establishcommunication with the first wireless cellular network in the list, andif unsuccessful, continue down the list until a network connection issuccessfully established or the list is exhausted which ever occursfirst. Alternatively, a user can manually select a network from the listof networks that are potentially available for communication at thelocation.

Example Mobile Device Architecture

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an example architecture for a mobiledevice capable of location based network protection. The mobile devicecan include memory interface 502, one or more data processors, imageprocessors and/or central processing units 504, and peripheralsinterface 506. Memory interface 502, one or more processors 504 and/orperipherals interface 506 can be separate components or can beintegrated in one or more integrated circuits. The various components inthe device can be coupled by one or more communication buses or signallines.

Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to peripherals interface506 to facilitate multiple functionalities. For example, motion sensor510, light sensor 512, proximity sensor 514 can be coupled toperipherals interface 506 to facilitate orientation, lighting, andproximity functions. Other sensors 516 can also be connected toperipherals interface 506, such as a positioning system (e.g., GPSreceiver), a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, magnetic compass,FM or satellite radio, or other sensing device, to facilitate relatedfunctionalities. An example FM radio is radio receiver 300 described inreference to FIG. 3. The positioning system can provide the functions oflocation server 328 described in reference to FIG. 3.

Camera subsystem 520 and optical sensor 522, e.g., a charged coupleddevice (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) opticalsensor, can be utilized to facilitate camera functions, such asrecording photographs and video clips.

Communication functions can be facilitated through one or more wirelesscommunication subsystems 524, which can include radio frequencyreceivers and transmitters and/or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers andtransmitters. The specific design and implementation of communicationsubsystem 524 can depend on the communication network(s) over whichdevice 102 is intended to operate. For example, device 102 may includecommunication subsystems 524 designed to operate over a GSM network, aGPRS network, an EDGE network, a WiFi or WiMax network, and a Bluetooth™network. In particular, wireless communication subsystems 524 mayinclude hosting protocols such that device 102 may be configured as abase station for other wireless devices.

Audio subsystem 526 can be coupled to speaker 528 and microphone 530 tofacilitate voice-enabled functions, such as voice recognition, voicereplication, digital recording, and telephony functions.

I/O subsystem 540 can include touch screen controller 542 and/or otherinput controller(s) 544. Touch-screen controller 542 can be coupled totouch screen 546. Touch screen 546 and touch screen controller 542 can,for example, detect contact and movement or break thereof using any of aplurality of touch sensitivity technologies, including but not limitedto capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wavetechnologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elementsfor determining one or more points of contact with touch screen 546.

Other input controller(s) 544 can be coupled to other input/controldevices 548, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumb-wheel,infrared port, USB port, and/or a pointer device such as a stylus. Oneor more buttons (not shown) can include an up/down button for volumecontrol of speaker 528 and/or microphone 530.

In one implementation, a pressing of the button for a first duration maydisengage a lock of touch screen 546; and a pressing of the button for asecond duration that is longer than the first duration may turn power todevice 102 on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionalityof one or more of the buttons. Touch screen 546 can, for example, alsobe used to implement virtual or soft buttons and/or a keyboard. Inaddition to touch screen 546, device 102 can also include a touch pad.

In some implementations, device 102 can present recorded audio and/orvideo files, such as MP3, AAC, and MPEG files. In some implementations,device 102 can include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as aniPod™. Device 102 may, therefore, include a connector that is compatiblewith the iPod™. Other input/output and control devices can also be used.

Memory interface 502 can be coupled to memory 550. Memory 550 caninclude high-speed random access memory and/or non-volatile memory, suchas one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more opticalstorage devices, and/or flash memory (e.g., NAND, NOR). Memory 550 canstore an operating system 552, such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks. Operatingsystem 552 may include instructions for handling basic system servicesand for performing hardware dependent tasks. In some implementations,operating system 552 can be a kernel (e.g., UNIX kernel).

Memory 550 may also store communication instructions 554 to facilitatecommunicating with one or more additional devices, one or more computersand/or one or more servers. Memory 550 may include graphical userinterface instructions 556 to facilitate graphic user interfaceprocessing, such as described in reference to FIGS. 1-4; sensorprocessing instructions 558 to facilitate sensor-related processing andfunctions; phone instructions 560 to facilitate phone-related processesand functions; electronic messaging instructions 562 to facilitateelectronic-messaging related processes and functions; web browsinginstructions 564 to facilitate web browsing-related processes andfunctions; media processing instructions 566 to facilitate mediaprocessing-related processes and functions; GPS/Navigation instructions568 to facilitate GPS and navigation-related processes and instructions;camera instructions 570 to facilitate camera-related processes andfunctions; and network detection module 572 and network data 574 tofacilitate the processes and functions described in reference to FIGS.1-4. Memory 550 may also store other software instructions (not shown),such as web video instructions to facilitate web video-related processesand functions; and/or web shopping instructions to facilitate webshopping-related processes and functions. In some implementations, mediaprocessing instructions 566 are divided into audio processinginstructions and video processing instructions to facilitate audioprocessing-related processes and functions and video processing-relatedprocesses and functions, respectively. An activation record andInternational Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) or similar hardwareidentifier can also be stored in memory 550.

Each of the above identified instructions and applications cancorrespond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above. These instructions need not be implemented as separatesoftware programs, procedures, or modules. Memory 550 can includeadditional instructions or fewer instructions. Furthermore, variousfunctions of device 102 may be implemented in hardware and/or insoftware, including in one or more signal processing and/or applicationspecific integrated circuits.

The disclosed and other embodiments and the functional operationsdescribed in this specification can be implemented in digital electroniccircuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including thestructures disclosed in this specification and their structuralequivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. The disclosedand other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer programproducts, e.g., one or more modules of computer program instructionsencoded on a computer-readable medium for execution by, or to controlthe operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer-readablemedium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readablestorage substrate, a memory device, or a combination of one or morethem. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus,devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example aprogrammable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers.The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates anexecution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., codethat constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a databasemanagement system, an operating system, or a combination of one or moreof them.

A computer program (also known as a program, software, softwareapplication, script, or code) can be written in any form of programminglanguage, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can bedeployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module,component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computingenvironment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to afile in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a filethat holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in amarkup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program inquestion, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store oneor more modules, sub-programs, or portions of code). A computer programcan be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computersthat are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites andinterconnected by a communication network.

The processes and logic flows described in this specification can beperformed by one or more programmable processors executing one or morecomputer programs to perform functions by operating on input data andgenerating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performedby, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logiccircuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC(application-specific integrated circuit).

Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, byway of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, andany one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, aprocessor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory ora random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer area processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devicesfor storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will alsoinclude, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer datato, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g.,magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computerneed not have such devices. Computer-readable media suitable for storingcomputer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatilememory, media and memory devices, including by way of examplesemiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memorydevices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks;magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor andthe memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purposelogic circuitry.

To provide for interaction with a user, the disclosed embodiments can beimplemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathoderay tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displayinginformation to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., amouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to thecomputer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interactionwith a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can beany form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback,or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in anyform, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.

The disclosed embodiments can be implemented in a computing system thatincludes a back-end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includesa middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes afront-end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical userinterface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with animplementation of what is disclosed here, or any combination of one ormore such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The componentsof the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digitaldata communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples ofcommunication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a widearea network (“WAN”), e.g., the Internet.

While this specification contains many specifics, these should not beconstrued as limitations on the scope of what being claims or of whatmay be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific toparticular embodiments. Certain features that are described in thisspecification in the context of separate embodiments can also beimplemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures that are described in the context of a single embodiment canalso be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in anysuitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be describedabove as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed assuch, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some casesbe excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may bedirected to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understand as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processingmay be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various systemcomponents in the embodiments described above should not be understoodas requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should beunderstood that the described program components and systems cangenerally be integrated together in a single software product orpackaged into multiple software products.

Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in thisspecification have been described. Other embodiments are within thescope of the following claims. For example, the actions recited in theclaims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirableresults. As one example, the processes depicted in the accompanyingfigures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, orsequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certainimplementations, multitasking and parallel processing may beadvantageous.

1. A method performed by one or more processors of a mobile device, themethod comprising: receiving a plurality of broadcast radio signals;processing the broadcast radio signals to determine a location for asource of a broadcast radio signal having a strongest received broadcastradio signal strength; determining a plurality of wireless cellularnetworks that each have a transmitter located within a predetermineddistance from the source; establishing a search order for the pluralityof wireless cellular networks based on proximity of the transmitters tothe source; and searching for at least one of the plurality of wirelesscellular networks based on the search order.
 2. The method of claim 1,where the broadcast radio signals are Frequency Modulated (FM) orAmplitude Modulated (AM) signals.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereprocessing the broadcast radio signals further comprises: retrievinginformation from each of the broadcast radio signals identifying asource of the broadcast radio signal; and determining a location for thesource of the broadcast radio signal from the identifying information.4. The method of claim 3, where retrieving information comprisesretrieving station identification information included in the broadcastradio signals by Radio Data Systems or Radio Broadcast Data systems. 5.The method of claim 1, where establishing a search order for theplurality of wireless cellular networks further comprises: comparingstrengths of the broadcast radio signals; and establishing the searchorder based on results of the comparing.
 6. The method of claim 5, wheresignal strengths of the broadcast radio signals are estimated usingbroadcast signal strength contours of a source of the broadcast radiosignal.
 7. The method of claim 1, where the plurality of wirelesscellular networks are cellular networks.
 8. A method performed by one ormore processors of a mobile device, the method comprising: determining alocation of a broadcast radio signal source; comparing the location to alist of locations previously stored in a database; upon finding amatching location, determining a plurality of wireless cellular networkspotentially available for communication with the mobile device at thematching location; defining a search order for the plurality of wirelesscellular networks based on proximity of transmitters of the plurality ofwireless cellular networks to the location of the broadcast radio signalsource; and automatically searching for an available wireless cellularnetwork in accordance with the search order.
 9. The method of claim 8,where the plurality of wireless cellular networks are cellular networks.10. The method of claim 9, where defining a search order furthercomprises: defining a search order based on network information, wherethe network information includes one or more of Mobile Country Code(MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC), Location Area Code (LAC), frequencyband or channel information.
 11. The method of claim 8, where defining asearch order further comprises: defining a search order based on networkinformation, where the network information includes signal strengths.12. A mobile device, comprising: a memory storing computer programinstructions; a processor coupled to the memory and operable forexecuting the instructions to perform operations comprising: receiving aplurality of broadcast radio signals; processing the broadcast radiosignals to determine a location for a source of a broadcast radio signalhaving a strongest received broadcast radio signal strength; determininga plurality of wireless cellular networks that each have a transmitterlocated within a predetermined distance from the source; establishing asearch order for the plurality of wireless cellular networks based onproximity of the transmitters to the source; and searching for at leastone of the plurality of wireless cellular networks based on the searchorder.
 13. The device of claim 12, where the broadcast radio signals areFrequency Modulated (FM) or Amplitude Modulated (AM) signals.
 14. Thedevice of claim 12, where processing broadcast radio signals furthercomprises: retrieving information from each of the broadcast radiosignals identifying a source of the broadcast radio signal; anddetermining a location for the source of the broadcast radio signal fromthe identifying information.
 15. The device of claim 14, whereretrieving information comprises retrieving station identificationinformation included in the broadcast radio signals by Radio DataSystems or Radio Broadcast Data systems.
 16. The device of claim 12,where establishing a search order for the plurality of wireless cellularnetworks further comprises: comparing strengths of the broadcast radiosignals; and establishing the search order based on results of thecomparing.
 17. The device of claim 16, where signal strengths of thebroadcast radio signals are estimated using broadcast signal strengthcontours of a source of the broadcast radio signal.
 18. The method ofclaim 12, where the plurality of wireless cellular networks are cellularnetworks.
 19. A mobile device, comprising: a memory storing computerprogram instructions; a processor coupled to the memory and operable forexecuting the instructions to perform operations comprising: determininga location of a broadcast radio signal source; comparing the location toa list of locations previously stored in a database; upon finding amatching location, determining a plurality of wireless cellular networkspotentially available for communication with the mobile device at thematching location; defining a search order for the plurality of wirelesscellular networks based on proximity of transmitters of the plurality ofwireless cellular networks to the location of the broadcast radio signalsource; and automatically searching for an available wireless cellularnetwork in accordance with the search order.
 20. The device of claim 19,where defining a search order further comprises: defining a search orderbased on network information, where the network information includessignal strengths.